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Programmed necrosis: its activation, regulation and role in cellular physiology.
Rytířová, Markéta ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Holzerová, Kristýna (referee)
Cell death as the final stage of cell existence can be either triggered accidently or it can result from the activation of specific controllable signalling pathways. Regulated or programmed cell death can be induced by number of extrinsic or intrinsic stimuli under both physiological and pathological conditions. For a long time, caspase-dependent apoptosis has been considered as the only form of programmed cell death. However, in the last 10 years it has been shown and proofed that also necrotic cell death, formally considered as random and uncontrollable cell death, may also proceed in controllable manner with specific signalling pathways and features. Among the signalling pathways associated with the programmed necrosis belong activation of RIP1/RIP3 kinase-containing necrosome, then cyclophilin D assisted mitochondrial permeabilization or response to oxidative stress. To the most studied signal transduction pathways associated with the iniciation of programmed necrosis belongs TNF-mediated activation of RIP1/RIP3-dependent necroptosis. Programmed necrosis plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, for example in ischemic-reperfusion disorders, diseases of the eye, skin, gastrointestinal system, and also can be triggered in cancer therapy. Key words Cell death,...
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